جنبه‌های پنهان سازمان‌های میانجی نوآوری: مروری نظام‏مند از منظر گونه‌شناسی صنایع

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، سیاست‏گذاری علم وفناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه سیاست‏گذاری علم وفناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: در نظام نوآوری بازیگران با فضای پیچیده‌ای از شبکه‌های رسمی و غیررسمی، هم درون و هم در بین زیرگروه‌ها درگیرند. کاستی در این سازگاری‌ها و تعاملات شکننده، موجب می‌شود که نقش بازیگران واسط برجسته شود. سازمان‌های میانجی در نظام نوآوری تلاش می‌کنند تا مبتنی بر کاستی‌های موجود در تعاملات، کارکردهایی را بر عهده گیرند. کارکردهای نهادهای میانجی، از جنبه‌های گوناگونی در مقاله‌ها و پژوهش‌های مختلف بررسی شده است. این تنوع بررسی از آن جهت است که شکاف‌ها و کاستی‌های ارتباطی طرفین تعامل در نظام نوآوری، به‌طور ذاتی بسیار متفاوت است. هرچند مطالعات پیشین فهرستی از این کارکردها را ارائه کرده‌اند، همچنان چگونگی راهبری این بازیگران واسطه‌ای نظام نوآوری و تعیین کارکردهای مناسب آن‌ها در بازتابی از ویژگی‌های صنعت، دغدغه سیاست‌گذاران نوآوری است. به‌ویژه آنکه نوآوری و رژیم فناورانۀ صنایع ماهیت متفاوتی دارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارائه تعریفی جامع از دانش فعلی و دسته‌بندی نهادهای میانجی در صنایع توسط پویت (۱۹۸۴) بر اساس کارکردهای تعریفی هاولز (۲۰۰۶) و همچنین تفسیری از شکاف‌های تحقیقاتی موجود بوده است.
روش: در مطالعه حاضر با بهره‌گیری از روش مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات، کلیه مطالعات کیفی و کمی مرتبط، از جمله مقاله‌های انتشار یافته در مجله‌ها و کنفرانس‌ها تا سال ۲۰۲۲ بررسی و در نهایت، ۷۷ مقاله در زمینۀ نهادهای میانجی نوآور احصا و تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. به‌منظور تعیین دامنۀ (محدوده) مطالعات، علاوه‌بر تعیین و شناسایی واژگان کلیدی و جست‎وجو در پایگاه اطلاعاتی مناسب، در خصوص کیفیت مجله‌هایی که مقاله‌های منتخب در آن منتشر شده بودند نیز تصمیم گرفته شد. از آنجایی که دامنه این مطالعه ارتباط بین کارکردهای نهادهای میانجی و نوآوری بوده است، دو مفهوم «نهادهای میانجی» و «نوآوری» به‌عنوان کلیدواژگان اصلی تعریف شد. افزون‌بر این، برای جمع‌آوری مطالعات و جست‎وجوی جامع، از چندین واژۀ کلیدی مترادف نیز استفاده شد. در گام بعدی، برای تضمین اعتبار و کیفیت مقاله‌ها و جلوگیری از ورود اسناد نامرتبط، این معیارها نیز مدنظر قرار گرفت: ۱. مطالعات به نهادهای (سازمان‌های) میانجی و نوآور مربوط باشند؛ ۲. مقاله‌های منتشر شده، فقط به زبان انگلیسی باشند؛ ۳. مقاله‌هایی که یکی از کلیدواژگان منتخب در عنوان، چکیده یا واژگان کلیدی آن‌ها ذکر شده باشد؛ ۴. فقط مقاله‌هایی انتخاب شوند که در مجله‌های معتبر با شاخص ۱Q و ۲Q منتشر شده‌اند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج ذیل چهار محور کارکردهای سازمان‌های میانجی در هم‌گرایی با کلان روندهای تغییرات و تحولات فناورانۀ نوین؛ کارکردهای آن‌ها در سطوح متنوع نظام‌های نوآوری؛ سازمان‌های میانجی بازیگرانی برای راهبری صنایع دانش‌محور و کارکردهای آن‌ها در صنایع متفاوت ارائه شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه اهمیت درک ماهیت نوآوری و رژیم فناورانۀ صنایع را برای راهبری این سازمان‌ها در تعریف کارکردهای مناسب برجسته می‌کند. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاستی را تعیین کند و حامی مدیریت مؤثر صنایع دانش‌بنیان باشد. پیشنهاد می‌شود که در پژوهش‌های بعدی، بر کاوش نقش این سازمان‌ها در صنایع نوظهور و بررسی اثربخشی عملکردهای آن‌ها در زمینه‌های مختلف تمرکز شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Unveiling Hidden Aspects of Intermediary Organizations in Innovation: A Systematic Review through the Lens of Industry Taxonomy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Mohseni kiasari 1
  • ‌Javad Soltanzadeh 1
  • Amirhossein Azizi Hasanabadi 2
  • Hamed Talebi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
In the innovation system, actors are involved in a complex situation of formal and informal networks, both within and among subgroups. The unsteady interactions between the actors make the role of intermediaries important. Intermediary organizations in the innovation system try to assume functions based on the deficiencies in the interactions. The functions of intermediary institutions have been examined from various aspects in various articles and studies. The diversity stems from communication gaps and inherent shortcomings among the interacting parties within the innovation system. Although studies provide a list of these functions, how to guide these intermediate actors of the innovation system and determine their appropriate functions in a reflection of the characteristics of the industry is still questioned by innovation policymakers. Especially, the nature of innovation and the technological regime of the industries have substantial differences. The current research aimed to provide a comprehensive definition of the current knowledge and the classification of intermediary institutions in industries by Poit (1984) based on the definitional functions of Howells (2006) and also to create an interpretation of the existing research gaps.
 
Methods
In this study, using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, all related qualitative and quantitative studies, including articles published in journals and conferences until 2022, were examined, and finally 77 articles were found and analyzed in the field of innovative intermediary institutions. To determine the scope of the study, despite determining and identifying the search keywords and the appropriate database, the quality of the journals that include the articles was evaluated. Since the scope of this study includes the relationship between the functions of mediating institutions and innovation; the two concepts of "intermediary institutions" and "innovation" were defined as the main keywords, and a wide range of synonym keywords were used to collect studies and do a comprehensive search. In the subsequent phase, criteria were established to ensure the validity and quality of the articles and to mitigate the inclusion of irrelevant studies. These criteria included: (1) studies pertaining to mediating and innovative institutions (organizations), (2) articles published exclusively in English, (3) articles featuring at least one of the selected keywords in the title, abstract, or keywords, and (4) articles published in esteemed journals indexed as Q1 and Q2.
 
Results
The results of the analysis showed four main themes: (1) the functions of intermediary organizations in convergence with the macro trends of changes and new technological developments; (2) their functions at various levels of innovation systems, (3) mediating organizations as actors for managing knowledge-based industries, and (4) their functions in different industries are presented.
 
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of understanding the nature of innovation and the technological regime of industries to define the appropriate functions of these organizations.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Functions of Intermediary Organizations
  • Innovation System
  • Intermediary Organizations
  • Taxonomy of Industries
محسنی کیاسری، مصطفی؛ پاکزاد، مهدی؛ سعد آبادی، علی اصغر؛ نوروزی، خلیل؛ مزارعی، سید حامد؛ صادقی، محمد ابراهیم و خوش سیرت، محسن (1394). تحلیل کارکرد نهادهای میانجی نوآوری در حوزه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر. رهیافت، ۲۵(۶۰)، 17-34.
نوروزی، عفت و طباطبائیان، سید حبیب‌الله (1394). سازمان‌های میانجی: تعاریف، انواع و کارکردها. رهیافت، 25(60)، 1-16.
 
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