ارزیابی و مقایسه شاخص‌های کلیدی عملکرد توسعه پایدار در صنعت پتروشیمی با استفاده ازSMAA و SMAA-S

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه MBA، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه سیاست‌گذاری بازرگانی، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

4 استادیار، گروه بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی شاخص‌های کلیدی عملکرد توسعه پایدار صنعت پتروشیمی ایران و همچنین رتبه‌بندی و مقایسه زوجی شرکت‌های زیرمجموعه یکی از شرکت‌های مادر تخصصی این صنعت و شناسایی قوت‌ها و ضعف‌های راهبردی آنها با توجه به تمامی شاخص‌ها و همچنین رتبه‌هایی است که می‌توانند به خویش اختصاص دهند. تعیین مهم‌ترین شاخص کلیدی عملکرد در ارتباط با بنچ مارک متوسط عملکرد پنج‌ساله توسعه پایدار از سایر اهداف مهم این پژوهش است.
روش: در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل مقبولیت تصمیم‌گیری‌های تصادفی چند‌متغیره SMAA ـ از اعضای جدید خانواده تصمیم‌گیری چندمتغیره ـ استفاده شده و روش نمونه‌گیری، غیرتصادفی نیز سهمیه‌ای است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که برای نگاه جدید به حاکمیت شرکتی، شاخص‌های کلیدی عملکرد عبارت‎اند از: از جنبه بعد اقتصادی شامل: رشد درآمد، درصد بازگشت دارایی و نسبت سود به درآمد؛ از جنبه بعد زیست‌محیطی شامل: مصرف آب سالم، تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای، مشعل‌سوزی، لکه‌های نفتی و کاهش زباله؛ از جنبه بعد اجتماعی شامل: جلوگیری از فساد، مقدار صدمات و جراحات وارده و میزان توسعه و آموزش نیروها است. همچنین رتبه‌بندی شرکت‌ها و مقایسه زوجی آنها و شناسایی قوت‌ها و ضعف‌های هر یک از شرکت‌ها به‌دقت انجام شد. مشعل‌سوزی نیز به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین شاخص در ارتباط با توسعه پایدار شناسایی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که شرکت‌های فعال در حوزه صنعت پتروشیمی، ضمن توجه به نگاه چندبعدی حاکمیتی و ایجاد ارزش‌آفرینی برای تمامی ذی‌نفعان، می‌بایست به شاخص کلیدی مشعل‌سوزی نگاهی ویژه داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating and Comparing Key Indicators of Sustainable Development Performance in the Petrochemical Industry Using SMAA and SMAA-S

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Shahhoseini 1
  • Seyede Forouzan Javaheri Shalmani 2
  • Tahmores Hasangholipor yasory 3
  • Ali Rostami 4
1 Associate Prof., Department of MBA, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Business Policy, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Business Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The present study aims to identify key indicators of sustainable development performance in the petrochemical industry of Iran. Moreover, we tend to provide rankings and pairwise comparison of subordinate companies which are related to one of the holding companies of this industry. Additionally, the present study aims at identifying strategic points regarding all indicators and their rankings and also recognizing the most important KPIs regarding the 5-year sustainable development performance. 
Methods: In this research, Stochastic Multi-criteria Acceptability Analysis is used that is a new member of Multiple-criteria decision analysis methods. The sampling was done through  quota non-probability method. 
Results: the results indicated that economic perspective's KPIs include revenue growth, return on assets, and profit to revenue ratio. Environmental perspectives include fresh water usage, greenhouse gas, flaring gas, oil spills, and waste reduction. Also, preventing corruption, injury rate and development and workforce training are the KPIs regarding social perspective. Having provided rankings and comparison among the companies, flaring gas was identified as the most important KPI related to sustainable development.
Conclusion: This research can address all companies related to the petrochemical industry, to consider all perspectives of corporate governance. Not only value creation for all stakeholders should be the goal of this kind of companies, but they should also emphasize on flaring gas as the most important KPIs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corporate governance
  • Key performance indicators
  • Sustainable Development
  • Petrochemical Industry
  • Flaring gas
  • SMAA
سکندری، یاسر؛ رحیمی، فرج‎اله (1396). ارزیابی تأثیر تعهد زیست‌‌محیطی بر نوآوری سبز و عملکرد پایدار در شرکت‌های پتروشیمی ماهشهر. خطمشیگذاری عمومی در مدیریت، 28 (28)، 27-37.
جمشیدی دهنوی، رامین؛ زاینده‎رودی، محسن؛ جلائی، سید عبدالمجید؛ رئیس‎‎پور، علی (1396). بهینه‎یابی و شبیه‎سازی (مونت کارلو) تأثیر تکانه‎های بهره‎وری بر تولید ناخالص داخلی ایران با رهیافت الگوریتم‎های پیشرفته. مدیریت صنعتی، 9 (2)، 287- 308.
حسین‎زاده، مهناز؛ مهرگان، محمد رضا؛ آقایی میبدی، لیلی؛ عباسیان، عزت‎الله (1398). توسعه مدل مطلوبیت جمع‌پذیر (UTA) تصادفی با توجه به امکان وابستگی میان معیار‎ها. مدیریت صنعتی، 10 (4)، 503-524.
رعیت‌پیشه، سعید؛ احمدی کهنعلی، رضا؛ عباسی، میثم (1397). به‎کارگیری رویکرد ترکیبی، کیفی و تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره به‌منظور ارائه مدل زنجیره تأمین پایدار در صنایع پتروشیمی. مطالعات مدیریت صنعتی، 16(51)، 145-180.
ساده، محمود؛ محمودی منش، مرتضی؛ اسدی، شاهد (1392). مدیریت پسماندهای صنعتی تولیدی در مجتمع‌های پتروشیمی از طریق بازیافت و استفاده مجدد. شانزدهمین همایش ملی بهداشت محیط ایران. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، دانشکده بهداشت.
سجادی، سیدحسین؛ بنابی قدیم، رحیم (1393). سیستم‌ها و شاخص‌های مدیریت عملکرد پایدار. فصل‌نامه پژوهش حسابداری، 4(4)، 82-69.
فوکردی، رحیم؛ محتاط، مینو (1396). تعریف محتوای گزارش پایداری شرکت ملی پالایش و پخش فراورده‌های نفتی ایران: کاربرد کارت ارزیابی متوازن ‌و دیمتل خاکستری. مدیریت صنعتی، 9 (4)، 735-764.
مهرگان، محمدرضا؛ جعفرنژاد، احمد؛ محمدی، میلاد (1397). ارائه مدل چندهدفه برای حمل‌ونقل زمینی مواد خطرناک در شبکه هاب (مطالعه موردی: شرکت ملی پخش فراورده‎های نفتی). مدیریت صنعتی، 10 (2)، 201-220.
 
References
Abdulrahman, A. O., Huisingh, D., & Hafkamp, W. (2015). Sustainability improvements in Egypt's oil & gas industry by implementation of flare gas recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 98, 116-122.
Aertsen, W., Kint, V., Orshoven, J. V., & Muys, B. (2011). Evaluation of modelling techniques for forest site productivity prediction in contrasting ecoregions using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA). Environmental Modelling & Software, 26(7), 929–937.
Akinola, A. O. (2018). Resource Misgovernance and the Contradictions of Gas Flaring in Nigeria: A Theoretical Conversation. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(5), 749-763.
Algunaibet, I. M., Fernández, C. P., Galán-Martín, Á., Huijbregts, M. A., Mac Dowell, N., & Guillén-Gosálbez, G. (2019). Powering sustainable development within planetary boundaries. Energy & Environmental Science, (6), 1890-1900.
Alvarez-Guerra, M., Canis, L., Voulvoulis, N., Viguri, J. R., & Linkov, I. (2010). Prioritization of sediment management alternatives using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 408(20), 4354–4367.
Amrina, E., & Vilsi, A. L. (2015). Key performance indicators for sustainable manufacturing evaluation in cement industry. Procedia Cirp, 26, 19-23.
Angilella, S., Corrente, S., & Greco, S. (2015). Stochastic multiobjective acceptability analysis for the Choquet integral preference model and the scale construction problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 240, 172–182.
Ar, E., Özköse, H., & Gencer, C. (2016). Ranking Turkish cities and regions for air quality using a multicriteria decision-making method. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(5), 1823–1830.
Azapagic, A. (2004). Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry. Journal of cleaner production, 12(6), 639-662.
Bennett, M., James, P., & Klinkers, L. (2017). Key themes in environmental, social and sustainability performance evaluation and reporting. In Sustainable Measures (pp. 29-74). Routledge.
Castaño, A. G., Bandoni, J. A., & Díaz, M. S. (2015). Life cycle optimization for sustainable operations in a petrochemical complex. Chemical Engineering, 43, 1441-1446.
Colombo, E., Barbieri, J., & Brambilla, M. (2016). Alternatives to gas flaring: a multi-criteria decision approach applied to a case study in Russia. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 9(3), 154-169.
Corrente, S., Greco, S., Nicotra, M., Romano, M., & Schillaci, C. E. (2019). Evaluating and comparing entrepreneurial ecosystems using SMAA and SMAA-S. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(2), 485-519.
Costa, C. A. B. E. (1988). A methodology for sensitivity analysis in three-criteria problems: a case study in municipal management. European Journal of Operational Research, 33(2), 159-173.
Dev, N. K., Shankar, R., Gupta, R., & Dong, J. (2019). Multi-criteria evaluation of real-time key performance indicators of supply chain with consideration of big data architecture. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 128, 1076-1087.
Disegni, D. M., Huly, M., & Akron, S. (2015). Corporate social responsibility, environmental leadership and financial performance. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), 131-148.
Dragomir, C. (2019). Key Performance Indicators (KPI) FOR Evaluating Economic Efficiancy Of Gender Policies In Shipping Companies With Mixed Crews. Annals of Constanta Maritime University, 27(223).
Du Plooy, D., Maré, P., Marais, J., & Mathews, M. J. (2019). Local benchmarking in mines to locate inefficient compressed air usage. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 17, 126-135.
Elhuni, R. M., & Ahmad, M. M. (2017). Key performance indicators for sustainable production evaluation in oil and gas sector. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 718-724.
Elvidge, C. D., Bazilian, M. D., Zhizhin, M., Ghosh, T., Baugh, K., & Hsu, F. C. (2018). The potential role of natural gas flaring in meeting greenhouse gas mitigation targets. Energy strategy reviews, 20, 156-162.
Eskandari, Y., & Rahimi, F. (2018). Assessing the Impact of Environmental Commitment on Green Innovation and Sustainable Performance in Mahshahr Petrochemical Companies. Iranian Journal of Public Administration Mission, 28 (28), 27-37. (in Persian)
Fawole, O. G., Cai, X. M., & MacKenzie, A. R. (2016). Gas flaring and resultant air pollution: A review focusing on black carbon. Environmental pollution, 216, 182-197.
Foukerdi, R., & Mohtat, M. (2017). Defining Sustainability Report Content in NIRDC: Application of BSC and Grey-DEMATEL. Industrial Management Journal, 9(4), 735-764. (in Persian)
Garcia, A. S., Mendes-Da-Silva, W., & Orsato, R. J. (2019). Corporate Sustainability, Capital Markets, and ESG Performance. In Individual Behaviors and Technologies for Financial Innovations (pp. 287-309). Springer, Cham.
Giwa, S. O., Nwaokocha, C. N., Kuye, S. I., & Adama, K. O. (2017). Gas flaring attendant impacts of criteria and particulate pollutants: a case of Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Journal of King Saud University, 31(3), 209-217.
Greco, S., Figueira, J. R., & Ehrgott, M. (2016). Multiple criteria decision analysis: State of the art surveys. Berlin: Springer.
Hart, O. (1995). Corporate governance: some theory and implications. The Economic Journal, 105(430), 678-689.
He, C., & Lu, K. (2018). Risk management in SMEs with financial and non-financial indicators using business intelligence methods. International Conference, 16–18 May 2018, Naples,  Italy.
Heravi, G., Fathi, M., & Faeghi, S. (2015). Evaluation of sustainability indicators of industrial buildings focused on petrochemical projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 92-107.
Hokkanen, J., Lahdelma, R., & Salminen, P. (2000). Multicriteria decision support in a technology competition for cleaning polluted soil in Helsinki. Journal of Environmental Management, 60(4), 339–348.
Hosseinzadeh, M., Mehrgan, M., Aghaei Meibodi, L., Abbasian, E. (2018). Developing Stochastic Additive Utility Method (UTA) Considering the Possible Dependency among Criteria. Industrial Management Journal, 10(4), 503-524. (in Persian)
Huse, M. (2007). Boards, governance and value creation: The human side of corporate governance. Cambridge University Press.
Ismail, O. S. and Umukoro, G. E. (2016). Modelling combustion reactions for gas flaring and its resulting emissions. Journal of King Saud University, 28 130–140.
Jamshidi Dehnavi, R., Zayandeh Roodi, M., Jalaee, S., Raees Poor, A. (2017). Optimization and Simulation (Monte Carlo) of the Impact of Productivity Shocks on GDP of Iran using the Advanced Algorithms Approach. Industrial Management Journal, 9(2), 287-308. (in Persian)
Kandakoglu, A., Celik, M. & Akgun, I. (2009). A multimethodological approach for shipping registry selection in maritime transportation industry. Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 49, 586 – 597
Kendall, M. G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30(1/2), 81-93.
Lahdelma, R., Hokkanen, J., & Salminen, P. (1998). SMAA-stochastic multiobjective acceptability analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 106(1), 137-143.
Lahdelma, R., Salminent, P., & Hokkanen, J. (2002). Locating a waste treatment facility by using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis with ordinal criteria. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(2), 345–356.
Lele, S. M. (1991). Sustainable development: a critical review. World development, 19(6), 607-621.
Leskinen, P., Viitaned, J., Kangas, A., & Kangas, J. (2006). Alternatives to incorporate uncertainty and risk attitude in multicriteria evaluation of forest plans. Forest Science, 52(3), 304–312.
Lesperance, W., Kamdem, J. S., Linguet, L., & Albarelo, T. (2018, August). Renewable Energy in French Guiana: Prospects towards a Sustainable Development Scenario. In 2018 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC) (pp. 133-136). IEEE.
Letza, S., Sun, X., & Kirkbride, J. (2004). Shareholding versus stakeholding: A critical review of corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(3), 242-262.
Maltz, E., Bi, H. H., & Bateman, M. (2018). Benchmarking sustainability performance: the next step in building sustainable business models. Journal of Public Affairs, 18(3), e1606.
McCahery, J. A., Sautner, Z., & Starks, L. T. (2016). Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors. The Journal of Finance, 71(6), 2905-2932.
Mehregan, M., Jafarnezhad, A., Mohammadi, M. (2018). Proposing a Multi-objective Model for Ground Transportation of Hazardous Materials in the Hub Network (Case Study: National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company). Industrial Management Journal, 10(2), 201-220. (in Persian)
Mire, R., Depraz, S., Collacott, B., & Collins, A. (2018, April). Sustainable Development Goals Atlas. In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Muñoz‐Torres, M. J., Fernández‐Izquierdo, M. Á., Rivera‐Lirio, J. M., & Escrig‐Olmedo, E. (2019). Can environmental, social, and governance rating agencies favor business models that promote a more sustainable development? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(2), 439-452.
Okhmatovskiy, I., & Shin, D. (2019). Changing Corporate Governance in Response to Negative Media Reports. British Journal of Management, 30(1), 169-187.
Owens, J., & Sykes, R. (2005). The International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association social responsibility working group and human rights. International Social Science Journal, 57, 131-141.
Paelinck, J. H. P. (1974). Qualitative multiple-criteria analysis, environmental protection and multiregional development. Papers of the Regional Science Association, 36, 59–74.
Parmenter, D. (2015). Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley & Sons.
Pelissari, R., Oliveira, M. C., Amor, S. B., Kandakoglu, A., & Helleno, A. L. (2019). SMAA methods and their applications: a literature review and future research directions. Annals of Operations Research, 1-61.
Prado-Lopez, V., Seager, T., Chester, M., Laurin, L., Bernardo, M., & Tylock, S. (2014). Stochastic multiattribute analysis (SMAA) as an interpretation method for comparative life-cycle assessment (LCA). International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(2), 405–416.
Prpich, G., Sam, K., & Coulon, F. (2019). Stakeholder Engagement and the Sustainable Environmental Management of Oil-Contaminated Sites in Nigeria. In Energy in Africa (pp. 75-97). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Rajagopalan, N., Venditti, R., Kelley, S., & Daystar, J. (2017). Multi-attribute uncertainty analysis of the life cycle of lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 11(2), 269–280.
Rayatpisha, S., Ahmady, R., & Abbasi, M. (2018). Using a Combined Approach of Qualitative & Multi-Criteria Decision Making (Mcdm) Approach in Order to Presentation of Sustainable Supply Chains Model in Petrochemical Industry. Industrial Management Studies, 16(51), 145-180. (in Persian)
Redclift, M. (2002). Sustainable development: Exploring the contradictions. RoutledgeResearch, 240, 172–182.
Roca, L. C., & Searcy, C. (2012). An analysis of indicators disclosed in corporate sustainability reports. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20(1), 103-118.
Romero, S., Ruiz, S., & Fernandez-Feijoo, B. (2019). Sustainability reporting and stakeholder engagement in Spain: Different instruments, different quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(1), 221-232.
Roy, B., & Słowiński, R. (2013). Questions guiding the choice of a multicriteria decision aiding method. EURO Journal on Decision Processes, 1(1-2), 69-97.
Rui, Z., Cui, K., Wang, X., Chun, J. H., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., ... & Patil, S. (2018). A comprehensive investigation on performance of oil and gas development in Nigeria: Technical and non-technical analyses. Energy, 158, 666-680.
Saadeh, M., Mahmoudi Manesh, M., & Asadi, Sh. (2013). Industrial waste management in petrochemical complexes through recycling and reuse. 16th Iranian National Environmental Health Conference. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health. (in Persian)
Sajadi, S., Bonabi Ghadim, R. (2015). Sustainable Performance Management Systems and Indicators. Journal of Accounting Research, 4(4), 69-82. (in Persian)
Sari, M. S., & Muhammad, F. (2018, November). Flare gas recovery as one of the clean development mechanism (CDM) practices. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 200, No. 1, p. 012023). IOP Publishing.
Sharma, A. K., Sahoo, P. K., Singhal, S., & Joshi, G. (2016). Exploration of upstream and downstream process for microwave assisted sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresource technology, 216, 793-800.
Singh, R. K., Murty, H. R., Gupta, S. K., & Dikshit, A. K. (2007). Development of composite sustainability performance index for steel industry. Ecological Indicators, 7(3), 565-588.
Solomon, J. (2007). Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
Soltanieh, M., Zohrabian, A., Gholipour, M. J., & Kalnay, E. (2016). A review of global gas flaring and venting and impact on the environment: Case study of Iran. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 49, 488-509.
Speckbacher, G. (2008). Nonprofit versus corporate governance: An economic approach. Nonprofit management and leadership, 18(3), 295-320.
Strelnik, E. U., Usanova, D. S., & Khairullin, I. G. (2015). Key performance indicators in corporate finance. Asian Social Science, 11(11), 369.
Tantisattayakul, T., Pharino, C., Chavalparit, O., & Kanchanapiya, P. (2016). Energy, environmental, and economic analysis of energy conservation measures in Thailand's upstream petrochemical industry. Energy for Sustainable Development, 34, 88-99.
Tervonen, T., & Figueira, J. R. (2008). A survey on stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis methods. Journal of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis, 15, 1-14.
Tervonen, T., Figueira, J. R. J., Lahdelma, R., Dias, J. A. J., & Salminen, P. (2009a). A stochastic method for robustness analysis in sorting problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 192(1), 236–242.
Tervonen, T., Linkov, I., Figueira, J. R., Steevens, J., Chappell, M., & Merad, M. (2009). Risk-based classification system of nanomaterials. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11(4), 757–766.
Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., & Crumbley, C. (2001). Indicators of sustainable production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 9(5), 447-452.
Welford, R. (2016). Corporate environmental management 3: Towards sustainable development. Routledge.
Willyard, K. A. (2019). An historical political economy analysis and review of Texas oil and gas well flaring laws and policy. Energy Policy, 128, 639-647.
Winroth, M., Almström, P., & Andersson, C. (2016). Sustainable production indicators at factory level. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 27(6), 842-873.
Zheng, J., Egger, C., & Lienert, J. (2016). A scenario-based MCDA framework for wastewater infrastructure planning under uncertainty. Journal of Environmental Management, 183(3), 895–908.
Zhu, F., Zhong, P.-A., & Sun, Y. (2018). Multi-criteria group decision making under uncertainty: Application in reservoir food control operation. Environmental Modelling and Software, 100, 236–251.
Zhu, F., Zhong, P.A., Wu, Y.N., Sun, Y., Chen, J., & Jia, B. (2017). SMAA-based stochastic multi-criteria decision making for reservoir flood control operation. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 31(6), 1485–1497.
Zhu, Y., Romain, C., & Williams, C. K. (2016). Sustainable polymers from renewable resources. Nature, 540(7633), 354.