ارائۀ مدلی برای انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی در صنعت لیزینگ خودرو ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مدیریت عملیات و علوم تصمیم، دانشکدۀ مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری، دانشکدگان تهران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت عملیات و علوم تصمیم‌، دانشکدۀ مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری، دانشکدگان تهران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، پردیس کیش دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران.

10.22059/imj.2024.373340.1008130

چکیده

هدف: انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین به مقابله باعدم قطعیت‌های موجود محیط رقابتی کمک می‌کند. از این رو، هدف این پژوهش، طراحی و تبیین مدل فرایندی انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی در صنعت لیزینگ خودرو در ایران است.  
روش: روش تحقیق این پژوهش، آمیخته از نوع اکتشافی است. ابتدا با استفاده از نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد، به‌عنوان روشی کیفی، پس از ۲۱ مصاحبه و اشباع نظری، مدل انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی در صنعت لیزینگ خودرو ایران با ۲۴ مقولۀ فرعی در قالب ۶ مقولۀ اصلی شکل گرفت. سپس در بخش کمّی پژوهش، بعد از توزیع و تکمیل ۲۶۰ پرسش‌نامه در سطح سازمان‌های لیزینگ خودرو ایران با روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل مسیر فرضیه‌های مربوط به روابط ابعاد مدل انجام گرفت و اعتبارسنجی مدل در مورد مطالعه بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، شرایط علّی انعطاف‌پذیری عبارت‌اند از: «انتظارات مرتبط با مشتریان»، «عوامل مرتبط با تأمین‌کنندگان» و «انگیزه‌های مرتبط با تأمین مالی». شرایط زمینه‌ای به‌دست‌آمده عبارت‌اند از: «عوامل مرتبط به قانونی ـ مقرراتی»، «عوامل مالی ـ اقتصادی»، «عوامل مرتبط به شرایط زیست‌محیطی» و «عوامل فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی مرتبط». شرایط مداخله‌گر انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی به‌دست‌آمده عبارت‌اند از: «ترکیب مالکیت و سهام‌داران شرکت لیزینگ»، «عوامل مرتبط با ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات»، «عوامل مرتبط با سیستم‌ها و زیرساخت‌های صنعت»، «عوامل مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل و جابه‌جایی». پدیدۀ انعطاف‌پذیری مالی در زنجیرۀ تأمین در برگیرندۀ «راه‌حل‌‏های تأمین مالی»، «ارتباطات مؤثر عناصر زنجیرۀ تأمین»، «عوامل مرتبط با توانایی اعتباردهی» و «مدیریت ریسک مناسب» تعریف شد. همچنین، راهبردهای انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی دربرگیرندۀ «نوآوری و توسعۀ محصولات جدید»، «توسعۀ شبکۀ فروش و خدمات پس از فروش»، «توسعۀ مهارت‌های آموزش و خدماتی» و «توسعۀ همکاری‌های بین زنجیرۀ تأمین» تعیین شد. پیامدهای انعطاف‌پذیری مالی در زنجیرۀ تأمین شرکت‌های لیزینگ عبارت‌اند از: «افزایش تولید محصولات خودرویی»، «افزایش سطح دسترسی به خدمات»، «دسترسی آسان‌تر به منابع مالی»، «بهبود گردش اطلاعات مالی» و «افزایش بهره‌وری زنجیرۀ تأمین». در بخش کمّی پژوهش، بر اساس نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل مسیر انجام شده، «عوامل مداخله‌گر انعطاف‌پذیری» بر «شرایط علّی انعطاف‌پذیری» و «راهبردهای انعطاف‌پذیری» مؤثر است. «شرایط علّی انعطاف‌پذیری» بر «توجه به انعطاف‌پذیری» اثر دارد. همچنین ابعاد «عوامل زمینه‌ای انعطاف‌پذیری» و «توجه به انعطاف‌پذیری» بر «راهبردهای انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین» اثر معناداری دارند و در نهایت «راهبردهای انعطاف‌پذیری» بر «پیامدهای انعطاف‌پذیری» مؤثر است.
نتیجه‌گیری: برای افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی، الگوبرداری از تجارب نمونه‌های موفق شرکت‌های داخلی و بین‌المللی در توسعۀ محصولات جدید، به‌ویژه در بستر فناوری‌های نوپدید، نظیر اینترنت اشیا توصیه می‌شود. در ضمن، مدیریت مشکلات خدمات پس از فروش، افزایش اعتماد و ارتباط مؤثر با مشتریان و افزایش دانش، تجربه و مهارت‌های کارکنان متناسب با تغییر و تحولات صنعت، از مهم‌ترین ارتقادهندگان انعطاف‌پذیری زنجیرۀ تأمین مالی صنعت لیزینگ خودرو ایران است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling Financial Supply Chain Flexibility: Evidence from Iran’s Automotive Leasing Industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohaghar 1
  • Hossein Safari 1
  • Rohollah Ghasemi 2
  • Ali Zarei 3
1 Prof., Department of Operations Management and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Industrial and Technology Management, College of Management, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Operations Management and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Industrial and Technology Management, College of Management, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD Candidate, Department of Industrial Management, College of Kish, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Considering the necessity of flexibility in the supply chain to manage uncertainties, this research aims to design and explain a flexibility process model for the financial supply chain in Iran's car leasing industry.
 
Methods
The research method is a mixed-methods exploratory approach. First, 21 qualitative interviews were conducted. Using grounded theory, a financial supply chain flexibility model for Iran's automotive leasing industry was developed, comprising 24 sub-categories within six main categories. Next, 260 questionnaires were distributed and completed in automotive leasing companies in Iran. Structural equation modeling was then employed to conduct a path analysis of the hypotheses concerning the relationships among the model dimensions, and the validation of the model was assessed in the study.
 
 
Results
Based on the data analysis, the causal conditions of flexibility include "expectations related to customers," "factors related to suppliers," and "motivations related to financing." The contextual factors contain "legal-regulatory factors," "financial-economic factors," "environmental factors," and "cultural-social factors." The intervening factors of financial supply chain flexibility include "ownership and shareholders of leasing companies," "communication and IT-related factors," "industry systems and infrastructure," and "transportation and logistics." The phenomenon of financial flexibility in the supply chain was defined as "financing solutions," "effective communication of supply chain elements," "factors related to the ability to credit," and "proper risk management." Additionally, the strategies for the flexibility of the financial supply chain cover "innovation and development of new products," "development of sales network and after-sales services," "development of training and service skills," and "development of cooperation between supply chains." The consequences of financial flexibility in the supply chain of leasing companies encompass "increasing the production of automotive products," "increasing the level of access to services," "easier access to financial resources," "improving the circulation of financial information," and "increasing the efficiency of the supply chain." In the quantitative part of the research, based on the results of structural equation modeling and path analysis, it was found that intervening factors affect the antecedents and strategies of flexibility. The antecedents of flexibility have an impact on attention to flexibility. Besides, dimensions such as contextual factors, attention to flexibility, and intervening factors significantly affect strategies for financial flexibility in the supply chain, which ultimately affect the consequences of financial flexibility.
 
Conclusion
To enhance the flexibility of the financial supply chain, it is advisable for companies to draw insights from successful product development experiences. Additionally, efficient management of after-sales services, building trust and establishing effective communication with customers, and upgrading employees' knowledge, experience, and skills to align with industry developments are essential factors for fostering financial flexibility in the leasing industry.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Automotive leasing industry
  • Financial supply chain flexibility
  • Grounded theory
  • Structural equation modeling

مراجع

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مدیریت صنعتی
دوره 16، شماره 3
1403
صفحه 398-425

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