تصمیم‌های بهینه قیمت‌گذاری، وارانتی و سطح کیفیت، در ‌یک ‌‌زنجیرۀ تأمین دوسطحی رقابتی با استفاده از الگوریتم قهرمانی در لیگ‌های ورزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و سیستم‌ها، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و سیستم‌ها، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/imj.2023.349399.1007987

چکیده

هدف: گستردگی، تنوع کالاها و بازار بسیار رقابتی امروز، باعث شده است که انتخاب استراتژی مناسب برای سرویس‌دهی مطلوب با توجه به چند عامل اصلی، مانند قیمت، سطح کیفیت و طول دوره وارانتی، به یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی مدیران شرکت‌ها و فروشندگان تبدیل شود. بنابراین استخراج و بررسی استراتژی اجرایی مناسب، با توجه به افزایش سود هر‌‌یک از اعضای زنجیره، در کنار ارائه خدمات مناسب و حفظ کیفیت محصول، از اولویت‌های اصلی این پژوهش است. در این پژوهش، استراتژی‌های قیمت‌گذاری در‌ ‌یک ‌‌زنجیرۀ تأمین دوسطحی، شامل‌‌ یک تولید‌کننده و دو خرده‌فروش رقابتی، با تقاضای وابسته به قیمت، طول دوره وارانتی و سطح کیفیت بررسی شده است.
روش: روش این پژوهش توسعه‌ای ـ کاربردی است. توابع سود تولیدکننده و خرده‌فروشان، تحت بازی‌های همکاری و غیر‌همکاری حداکثر شده‌اند. چهار بازی مختلف در این پژوهش مدل‌سازی شده که عبارت است از: 1. استکلبرگ (تولیدکننده رهبر)؛ 2. استکلبرگ (‌‌خرده‌فروشان رهبر)؛ 3. همکاری در کانال؛ 4. همکاری کلی.
یافته‌ها: برای هر یک از مدل‌ها، مقادیر متغیرهای اصلی و سود هر‌‌یک از اعضای ‌‌زنجیرۀ تأمین محاسبه و در‌‌ یک مثال عددی نشان داده شده است. همچنین سود نهایی از طریق دو روش حل از طریق نرم‌افزار متمتیکا و الگوریتم قهرمانی در لیگ‌های ورزشی (LCA‌) با‌ ‌یکدیگر مقایسه شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده از طریق الگوریتم LCA‌ در همه مدل‌ها جواب‌های بهتری را نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج و با بررسی هر چهار استراتژی، مشخص شد که بهترین پاسخ، از طریق استراتژی همکاری به‌دست می‌آید و این استراتژی، نسبت به سایر استراتژی‌ها پرسودتر است. در نهایت، روی پارامترهای مدل‌های مختلف تحلیل حساسیت انجام شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Pricing, Warranty, and Quality Level Decisions in a Competing Dual-channel Supply Chain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan 1
  • Tina Sardashti 2
1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 MSc. Student, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: The globalization of the economy and the improvement of data innovation has caused the supply-oriented market to alter to the demand-oriented market. Furthermore, organizations ought to prioritize the desires of clients to proceed and survive in the competitive market, which requires the presence of supply chain management. Considering the wide assortment of products and today's competitive market, choosing the correct strategies to provide the required services according to a few primary components such as price, quality level, and the warranty period is one of the most concerns of company managers and dealers. This study sought to consider the increase in the profit of each part of the chain along with providing appropriate services and keeping up product quality, extracting and applying suitable implementation strategies. It also tried to present pricing strategies in a two-echelon supply chain comprised of one manufacturer and two competing retailers, with warranty period, quality, and price-dependent demands.
Methods: The strategies presented and discussed in this research have several implications; in addition; their improvements are practical. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailers were maximized under centralized and decentralized approaches. Mathematical models were developed in four distinctive cases (i) two non-cooperative frameworks, (ii) a channel-cooperative framework, and (iii) a global-cooperative framework. The producer intended to maximize his benefit by setting a diverse wholesale price for each of the retailers and the length of the common warranty period. On the other hand, retailers maximized their profit by setting the selling price for consumers. This can be explained through the models related to general cooperation strategies, cooperation within the channel, and non-cooperation (Stackelberg of the leading producer and Stackelberg of the leader retailers), furthermore; the profit function of each case and its formula is presented.
Results: For each case, the values of the main decision variables and the profit of each member of the supply chain were calculated and appeared in a numerical case. Moreover, the total profit was compared with each other through two solution methods i.e., the Mathematica computer program and the Championship Algorithm in sports leagues (LCA). The championship algorithm in sports leagues was presented as a population-based algorithm for worldwide search in continuous space and inspired by sports competitions within the real world. During this algorithm, distinctive solutions that can be given to a problem were compared and each one was improved based on its suitability, last; a solution close to the optimum was selected.
Conclusion: A research gap was recognized by studying the research conducted within the field of pricing, warranty, and product quality using the game theory approach. On the other hand, the models were developed by considering all decision variables at the same time as well as between a manufacturer and two competitive retailers deciding on the retail price to maximize their profit. In this regard, four models of Stackelberg manufacturer leader, Stackelberg retailer leader, participation within the channel, and overall cooperation were considered. In all models, the LCA algorithm resulted in better answers compared with Mathematica software. In this study by investigating four techniques, we realized that the best reply can be achieved through the cooperation strategy which is more profitable than the others. Finally, sensitivity analyses were also performed on various model parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Advertising
  • Competing
  • Game Theory
  • Pricing
  • Quality
  • Supply chain
  • Warranty

مراجع

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مدیریت صنعتی
دوره 15، شماره 1
1402
صفحه 65-91

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