توسعه مدل کسب‌وکار تاب‌آور برای سازمان‌های پیچیده فنی ـ اجتماعی به‌روش فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دکتری، گروه مدیریت تولید و عملیات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، پردیس البرز، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: وجود فضای پرالتهاب اقتصادی و اجتماعی، کسب‌وکارها را به‌سمت ارتقای سطح پایداری سوق داده است. از طرفی ظهور سیستم‌هایی متشکل از ترکیب فرایندهای فنی جای‌گرفته در شبکه‌های اجتماعی که از آن با عنوان سیستم‌های پیچیده فنی ـ اجتماعی یاد می‌شود، موجب شده است که پیچیدگی‌هایی در تدوین مدل کسب‌وکار این نوع سازمان‌ها ایجاد شود. توجه هم‌زمان به مسائل اجتماعی و فرایند‌های فنی و در نظر گرفتن تأثیرهای این دو بر یکدیگر، در انتخاب و طراحی مدل کسب‌وکار از اهمیت ویژه برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر در تلاش است با بررسی تحقیقات گذشته، به شناسایی ویژگی‌ها و عوامل مؤثر بر تاب‌آوری مدل کسب‌وکار سازمان‌های پیچیده فنی ـ اجتماعی بپردازد و مدلی را برای ارتقای سطح تاب‌آوری مدل کسب‌وکار این نوع سازمان‌ها ارائه دهد؛ از این رو هدف این پژوهش توسعه مدل کسب‌وکار تاب‌آور برای سازمان‌هایی با این ویژگی است.
روش: برای انجام این پژوهش و همچنین، استخراج مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر تاب‌آوری کسب‌وکار، از روش فراترکیب استفاده شده است؛ از این رو ابتدا استراتژی مدنظر جهت جست‎وجو و انتخاب مقاله‌ها تعیین شد؛ سپس مقاله‌های مرتبط و معتبر بین سال‌های 2000 تا 2022 میلادی استخراج شد و پس از پالایش مقاله‌ها، تحلیل محتوای 78 مقاله نهایی انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: 85 کد فرعی که نشان‌دهنده عوامل مؤثر بر تاب‌آوری مدل کسب‌وکار است، استخراج شد. در مرحله بعد با استفاده از این کدها و با توجه به نزدیکی معانی و تعاریف آن‌ها، 21 کد محوری (تم) تعریف شد و در مرحله آخر، تم‌های تدوین‌شده ذیل چهار مؤلفه اصلی آنتولوژی مدل کسب‌وکار، دسته‌های مشتری، مدیریت زیرساخت، جریان‌های مالی و ارزش پیشنهادی قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌دلیل بررسی هم‌زمان عوامل اجتماعی و فرایند‌های فنی سازمان، مدل نهایی ارائه‌شده در مقایسه با سایر مطالعات انجام‌شده، از جامعیت کامل‌تری برخوردار است و می‌تواند به مدیران ارشد سازمان‌ها در انتخاب و تدوین مدل کسب‌وکار تاب‌آور کمک شایانی کند. همچنین، این مدل جهت ارزیابی میزان تاب‌آوری مدل کسب‌وکار سازمان‌های منطبق بر سیستم‌های فنی ـ اجتماعی، می‌تواند مرجع مناسب و جامعی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing a Resilient Business Model for Complex Techno-social Organizations by Meta-Synthesis Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohaghar 1
  • Rouhallah Ghasemi 2
  • Mohammad Hadi Imani 3
1 Prof., Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD., Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Industrial Management, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Highly unstable social and economic ecosystems have inevitably resulted in severe momentums and adverse environmental changes. To overcome the mentioned challenge and also increase their competitiveness, most businesses have accepted a resilience approach. Moreover, the presence of so called techno-social Complex Systems has given rise to serious challenges in developing Business Plans. To have accurate planning for the business, social issues, technical processes, and their correlation should be simultaneously addressed. In this work, following a comprehensive review of the previous efforts, a more detailed and sophisticated explanation of how techno-social factors impact  resilience Business model will be investigated. In other words, we aim to develop an improved Business model  model for companies dealing with the mentioned challenges.
Methods: Meta-Synthesis method have been used for gathering necessary resources. A complete review of all related references has been carried out. 78 outstanding articles have been selected from all the papers published since 2000. The study and analysis of these 78 references has built the framework of our work.
Results: In this work 85 sub-codes, indicating the impacts on resilience business model, have been successfully extracted. Using these codes and their proximity in definition, 21 core themes were defined in the next part. Finally, the developed themes have been categorized into four main elements of Business Model Ontology: customer, management, infrastructure, financial flows, and recommended value.
Conclusion: The finally presented model, enjoying simultaneous analysis of social parameters and corporate technical processes, has shown to provide more generality in modeling. The model would be a great help for senior managers to desing resilient  business model. In addition, this model can efficiently be used in thorough assessment of resilience in techno-social companies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resilience
  • Technical-social complex system
  • Meta-synthesis
  • Business model
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