عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دانشگاهی مبتنی بر فناوری (مطالعه موردی: دانشکدگان فنی دانشگاه تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکده کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

10.22059/imj.2022.346244.1007965

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش در پی شناخت عوامل اثرگذار بر شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، مبتنی بر فناوری‏ در دانشکدگان فنی دانشگاه تهران انجام شد.
روش: ابتدا با مرور ادبیات پیشین، عوامل اثرگذار در شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دانشگاهی مبتنی بر فناوری شناسایی شد؛ سپس از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق و اکتشافی با 17 نفـر از متخصصـان و خبـرگان در جامعـه، پژوهش تکمیل شد و با روش کدگذاری باز و محوری، 9 عامل اصلی مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دانشگاهی مبتنی بر فناوری به‌دست آمد. در ادامه با توزیع پرسش‌نامه‌های زوجی میان خبرگان و با کمک روش مدل‌سازی ساختاری ـ تفسیری، پیکره‌بندی اجزای مدل در شش سطح صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: مدلی متشکل از شش سطح به‌دست آمد. سطح اول: مؤلفه‌های زیرساخت‌های توسعه اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت منابع مالی، شدت و سطح آمادگی طراحی، توسعه و تجاری‌سازی، ایجاد و توسعه نهادهای حمایتی، و توسعه کسب‌وکار در منطقه. سطح دوم: مؤلفه سیاست و قوانین دانشگاه. سطح سوم: مؤلفه بازار. سطح چهارم: عوامل اقتصادی و محیط کسب‌وکار. سطح پنجم: عوامل حاکمیتی. سطح ششم: مؤلفه فرهنگ اکوسیستم کارآفرینی فناورانه دانشگاهی. همچنین نشان داده شد که مؤلفه فرهنگ تأثیرگذارترین عامل و مؤلفه‌های زیرساخت‌های توسعه اکوسیستم کارآفرینی سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت منابع مالی، شدت و سطح آمادگی طراحی، توسعه و تجاری‌سازی، ایجاد و توسعه نهادهای حمایتی و توسعه کسب‌وکار در منطقه، تأثیرپذیرترین عوامل در شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دانشگاهی مبتنی بر فناوری در دانشگاه تهران هستند.
نتیجه‌گیری: توسعه فرهنگ و روحیه کارآفرینی، کالبد اساسی شکل‌گیری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دانشگاهی مبتنی بر فناوری است که با سیاست‌گذاری‌های صحیح و مدیریت شایسته در سطح خرد و کلان اجراشدنی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors Affecting the Formation of the Technology-based Academic Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (Case study: Technical Faculties of the University of Tehran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Vazifeh Dolatabad 1
  • Mohammadreza Meigounpoory 2
  • Alireza Irajpour 3
1 Ph.D Candidate, Department of Corporate entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 , Assistant Prof., Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: This research has been carried out to identify the effective factors in the formation of the technology-based entrepreneurship ecosystem in the technical faculties of the University of Tehran.
Methods: First, by reviewing the extant literature, the effective factors in the formation of the technology-based academic entrepreneurship ecosystem were identified. Then, the collected items were completed by conducting in-depth and exploratory interviews with 17 specialists and experts in the research community. Using an open and axial coding method, nine main factors affecting the formation of the technology-based university entrepreneurship ecosystem were obtained. By distributing paired questionnaires among experts and with the help of the structural-interpretive modeling method, the components of the model were configured in six levels.
Results: A six-level model was developed. The first level included the infrastructure components of entrepreneurship ecosystem development, policy and management of financial resources, intensity and level of design preparation, development and commercialization, creation and development of supporting institutions, and business development in the region. The second level included the university policy and rules component.  The market component stood in the third level. The fourth level embraced the economic factors and the business environment. The fifth level included the governance factors and the last level included the cultural component of the academic technological entrepreneurship ecosystem. It was also shown that the cultural component is the most influential factor and the infrastructure components of entrepreneurship ecosystem development, policy, and financial resource management, intensity and level of preparation for design, development, and commercialization, creation and development of supporting institutions, and business development in the region were the most effective factors in the formation of the technology-based academic entrepreneurship ecosystem in the University of Tehran.
Conclusion: The development of entrepreneurial culture and spirit is the base of the formation of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Relying on technology, it can be implemented by applying correct policies and competent management at both micro and macro levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship ecosystem
  • University entrepreneurship ecosystem
  • Technological entrepreneurship ecosystem
آقازاده،‏ هاشم؛ زارعی هنزکی، عباس؛ محمدی، مهدی و الهی، احمدرضا (1400). بررسی رابطه قابلیت‎ شبکه‌سازی پارک‌های علم‌و‌فناوری بر نوآوری و عملکرد کسب‌وکار شرکت‌های عضو، مدیریت صنعتی، 13(2)، 329-351.
بازرگان، عباس (1387). مقدمه‌ای بر روش‌های تحقیق کیفی و آمیخته (رویکردهای متداول در علوم رفتاری). تهران: نشر دیدار.
حاجی آخوندی، عرفان؛‏ هاشم‌زاده خوراسگانی، غلامرضا و بوشهری، علیرضا (1399). شناسایی عوامل کلان مؤثر بر موفقیت نوآوری باز در اکوسیستم کسب‌وکارهای دانش‌بنیان دیجیتال، مدیریت صنعتی، 12(2)، 344-372.
قاسمی، روح‌اله، محقر، علی؛ صفری، حسین و اکبری جوکار، محمدرضا (1395). اولویت‌بندی کاربردهای فناوری اینترنت اشیا در بخش بهداشت و درمان ایران: محرکی برای توسعه پایدار. مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، 8(1)، 155- 176.
کریمی، تورج؛ آذر، عادل؛ محبان، بهاره و قاسمی، روح‌اله (1401). تدوین نقشه راه فناوری حمل‏ونقل هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیا در صنایع غذایی دارای زنجیره تأمین سرد. مدیریت صنعتی، 14(2)، 195- 219.
 
 
References
 
Acs, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D.B., & O’Connor, A. (2017). The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9864-8
Aghazade, H., Zareih Hanzaki, A., Mohammadi, M. & Elahi, A.R. (2021). The investigation of the Relationship between Capabilities of Networking of Science and Technology Parks in the Innovation and Business Performance of Park's Member Companies. Industrial Management Journal, 13(2), 329- 351. (in Persian)
Ali, I., Ali, M., & Badghish, S. (2019). Symmetric and asymmetric modeling of entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship.
Allahar, H., & Sookram, R. (2019). A university business school as an entrepreneurial ecosystem hub. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11). http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1280.
Audretsch, D. B. (2014). From the entrepreneurial university to the university for the entrepreneurial society. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(3), 313-321.
Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2022). A strategic alignment framework for the entrepreneurial university. Industry and Innovation, 29(2), 285-309.
Audretsch, D. B., & Link, A. N. (Eds.). (2017). Universities and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN: 978 1 78643 278 0.
Audretsch, D., Mason, C., Miles, M. P., & O’Connor, A. (2018). The dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1436035.
Badzińska, E. (2021). Providing a Nurturing Environment for Start-up Incubation: An Explorative Study of a University-based Entrepreneurial Ecosystem. European Research Studies, 24, 15-29.
Bazargan, A. (2008). Introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods: common approaches in behavioral sciences. Tehran: Didar Publishing. (in Persian)
Bazargan, A., Ghasemi, R., Eftekhar Ardebili, M., & Zarei, M. (2017). The Relationship Between ‘Higher Education and Training’and ‘Business Sophistication’. Iranian Economic Review, 21(2), 319-341.
Belitski, M., & Heron, K. (2017). Expanding entrepreneurship education ecosystems. Journal of Management Development, 36(2), 163-177.
Brush, C. G. (2014). Exploring the concept of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem. In Innovative pathways for university entrepreneurship in the 21st century. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620140000024000.
Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., & Balocco, R. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystem research: Present debates and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1291-1321.
Cunningham, J. A., Lehmann, E. E., Menter, M., & Seitz, N. (2019). The impact of university focused technology transfer policies on regional innovation and entrepreneurship. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(5), 1451-1475.
Daniel, L., Medlin, C. J., O’Connor, A., Statsenko, L., Vnuk, R., & Hancock, G. (2018). Deconstructing the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept. In Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (pp. 23-44). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63531-6_2.
Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., León, L. R., & Wunsch-Vincent, S. (2021). Global Innovation Index 2021. Tracking Innovation through the COVID-19 Crisis?
Fetters, M., Greene, P. G., & Rice, M. P. (Eds.). (2010). The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: Global practices. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN-13: 978-1849802635.
Fuerlinger, G., Fandl, U., & Funke, T. (2015). The role of the state in the entrepreneurship ecosystem: insights from Germany. Triple Helix, 2(1), 1-26.
Fuster, E., Padilla-Meléndez, A., Lockett, N., & del-Águila-Obra, A. R. (2019). The emerging role of university spin-off companies in developing regional entrepreneurial university ecosystems: The case of Andalusia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 219-231.
Ghasemi, R., Mahbanooei, B., & Beigi, R. G. (2018). The Relationship between Labor Market Efficiency and Innovation. In Proceeding of 11th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering & Management (ISIEM)(Nov. 27-29, 2018 Makassar, Indonesia) (pp. 142-149).
Ghasemi, R., Mohaghar, A., Safari, H., & Akbari Jokar, M. R. (2016). Prioritizing the applications of internet of things technology in the healthcare sector in Iran: A driver for sustainable development. Journal of information technology management, 8(1), 155-176. (in Persian)
Graham, R. (2014). Creating university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems: evidence from emerging world leaders. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 20(4), 1-154.
Greene, P. G., Rice, M. P., & Fetters, M. L. (2010). University-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: framing the discussion. The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems. Global practices. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849805896.
Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Fayolle, A., Klofsten, M., & Mian, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial universities: emerging models in the new social and economic landscape. Small business economics, 47(3), 551-563.
Gupta, R., Jain, K., Kusre, A., & Momaya, K. S. (2015, May). Technology entrepreneurship ecosystem in India: findings from a survey. In POMS 26th Annual Conference, Washington DC, USA. Retrieved from https://www.pomsmeetings.org/confpapers/060/060-1492.pdf
Hajiakhoondi, E., Hashemzadeh Khorasgani, Gh. & Boushehri, A. (2020). Identify the Major Factors Affecting the Success of Open Innovation in the Digital Knowledge-based Business Ecosystem. Industrial Management Journal, 12(1), 344-372. (in Persian)
Hayter, C. S. (2016). A trajectory of early-stage spinoff success: the role of knowledge intermediaries within an entrepreneurial university ecosystem. Small Business Economics, 47(3), 633-656.
Hayter, C. S., Nelson, A. J., Zayed, S., & O’Connor, A. C. (2018). Conceptualizing academic entrepreneurship ecosystems: A review, analysis and extension of the literature. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43(4), 1039-1082.
Hsieh, R. M., & Kelley, D. (2020). A study of key indicators of development for university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems in Taiwan. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2018-0331.
Huang-Saad, A., Fay, J., & Sheridan, L. (2017). Closing the divide: accelerating technology commercialization by catalyzing the university entrepreneurial ecosystem with I-Corps™. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(6), 1466-1486.
Isenberg, D. J. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard business review, 88(6), 40-50.
Jamalian, A., Ghadikolaei, A. S., Zarei, M., & Ghasemi, R. (2018). Sustainable supplier selection by way of managing knowledge: a case of the automotive industry. International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise, 5(1-2), 125-140.
Kamel, S. (2022). The Influence of Entrepreneurship on the Arab Cultures and Economies: Reflections from Egypt’s Entrepreneurial Journey. In Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship in the MENA Region (pp. 255-279). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Karimi, T., Azar, A., Mohebban, B. & Ghasemi, R. (2016). Developing an IoT-based Intelligent Transportation Technology Roadmap in the Food Cold Supply Chain. Industrial Management Journal, 14(2), 195-219. (in Persian
Kitagawa, F., Webber, D. J., Plumridge, A., & Robertson, S. (2015, May). University entrepreneurship education experiences: enhancing the entrepreneurial ecosystems in a UK city-region. In The 8 th International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development (p. 794).
Kvale, S. (1994). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Sage Publications, Inc.
Lahikainen, K. (2020). Understanding the emergence of the university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem: comparing the university and company actor’s perspectives. In Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109690.00013
Lee, S., & Ayrikyan, A. (2010). Technology Entrepreneurship for Emerging Markets–An Ecosystem Approach. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Mahbanooei, B., Hasanzadeh, H., & Jamalian, A. (2015). Iran’s Labor Market Efficiency’s Competitiveness in comparation with other countries in the region: as the key intangible asset. In 3rd Annual Conference on Strategic Management, Tehran, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran, Dec (pp. 15-16).
Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography compass, 12(3), e12359.
Miller, D. J., & Acs, Z. J. (2017). The campus as entrepreneurial ecosystem: the University of Chicago. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 75-95.
Mohaghar, A., & Ghasemi, R. (2011). A conceptual model for supply chain relations quality and supply chain performance by structural equation modeling: a case study in the Iranian automotive industry. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(3), 456-470.
Mohaghar, A., Ghasemi, R., Abdullahi, B., Esfandi, N., & Jamalian, A. (2011:a). Canonical correlation analysis between supply chain relationship quality and cooperative strategy: a case study in the Iranian automotive industry. European Journal of Social Sciences, 26(1), 132-145.
Mohaghar, A., Mahbanooei, B., Behnam, M., & Khavari, Z. (2018). Analyzing OECD's Labor Market Efficiency in 2018. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 341-353.
Mohaghar, A., Safari, H., Ghasemi, R., Abdullahi, B., & Maleki, M. H. (2011:b). Canonical correlation analysis between supply chain relationship quality and supply chain performance: A case study in the Iranian automotive industry. International Bulletin of Business Administration, 10(10), 122-134.
Mohammadzadeh, A. K., Ghafoori, S., Mohammadian, A., Mohammadkazemi, R., Mahbanooei, B., & Ghasemi, R. (2018). A Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) approach for prioritizing internet of things challenges in Iran. Technology in Society, 53, 124-134..
Motoyama, Y., & Knowlton, K. (2017). Examining the connections within the startup ecosystem: A case study of St. Louis. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2016-0011.
National Portal of the Statistics Center of Iran .(1400). Results of Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Center of Iran, Labor Population Office and Census, 1-10, [in Persian].
Nkusi, A. C., Cunningham, J. A., Nyuur, R., & Pattinson, S. (2020). The role of the entrepreneurial university in building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in a post conflict economy: An exploratory study of Rwanda. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(5), 549-563.
Novela, S., Syarief, R., & Arkeman, Y. (2021). Building institutional model of entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(1).
O’Brien, E., Cooney, T. M., & Blenker, P. (2019). Expanding university entrepreneurial ecosystems to under-represented communities. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-03-2019-0025.
Pawitan, G., Widyarini, M., & Nawangpalupi, C. B. (2019). The entrepreneurial ecosystem to foster competitiveness among enterprises: a national level analysis. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 23(2), 272-288.
Prokop, D. (2021). University entrepreneurial ecosystems and spinoff companies: Configurations, developments and outcomes. Technovation, 107, 102286.
Radko, N., Belitski, M., & Kalyuzhnova, Y. (2022). Conceptualising the entrepreneurial university: the stakeholder approach. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-90.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-022-09926-0.
Rakićević, J., Jakšić, M. L., & Ukropina, N. (2018). The role of support organization in technology entrepreneurship ecosystem: case of Serbia. SYMORG 2018, 7-10.
Rice, M. P., Fetters, M. L., & Greene, P. G. (2014). University-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: a global study of six educational institutions. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 18(5-6), 481-501.
Roja, A. (2015). Technology entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurship in the west region of Romania. Studia Universitatis, "Vasile Goldis" Arad-Economics Series, 25(1), 40-59. DOI:10.1515/sues-2015-0004
Schaeffer, V., & Matt, M. (2016). Development of academic entrepreneurship in a non-mature context: the role of the university as a hub-organisation. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(9-10), 724-745.
Secundo, G., Mele, G., Del Vecchio, P., & Degennaro, G. (2021). Knowledge spillover creation in university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem: the role of the Italian “Contamination Labs”. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 19(1), 137-151.
Sherwood, A. (2018). Universities and the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Demographics and entrepreneurship: Mitigating the effects of an aging population, 239-282.
Shil, M., Shahriar, M. S., Sultana, S., Rahman, S. N., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). Introduction to University Based Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (U-Bee): A Model Case Study from Bangladesh. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 24(1), 1-9.
Shwetzer, C., Maritz, A., & Nguyen, Q. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: A holistic and dynamic approach. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration, 1(2),79-95.
Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168.
Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European planning studies, 23(9), 1759-1769.
Stam, F. C., & Van de Ven, A. (2018). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a systems perspective (No. 18-06).
Sun, C., Li, C., & Zhang, J. (2020). Evaluation on Symbiotic Performance of Regional Technological Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC2019) (pp. 401-411). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0474-7_38.
Suryanto (2019). Analysis of entrepreneurship ecosystem at university. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(4), 1–10.
Talebzadehhosseini, S., Garibay, I., Keathley-Herring, H., Al-Rawahi, Z. R. S., Garibay, O. O., & Woodell, J. K. (2021). Strategies to enhance university economic engagement: evidence from US universities. Studies in Higher Education, 46(6), 1112-1131.
Tavakkoli, A., & Mahbanooei, B. (2013). Studying the ranking of regional countries competitiveness based on public and private institutions’ indicators and providing some strategies for enhancing the position of Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Iran's Economic Essays, 10(20), 135-162.
Ter Wal, A. L., & Boschma, R. (2011). Co-evolution of firms, industries and networks in space. Regional studies, 45(7), 919-933. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400802662658.
Theodoraki, C., & Catanzaro, A. (2022). Widening the borders of entrepreneurial ecosystem through the international lens. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 47(2), 383-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-021-09852-7
Wang, R., Chen, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhu, Q. (Eds.). (2019). Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC2019) (Vol. 582). Springer Nature. ISBN: 978-981-15-0474-7.
Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, S., & Mu, C. (2021). A Preliminary Exploration of Factors Affecting a University Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. Frontiers in Psychology, 4132. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732388.
Weerasekara, S., & Bhanugopan, R. (2022). The impact of entrepreneurs’ decision-making style on SMEs’ financial performance. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0099.
Xiang, W., & Huang, C. (2019, August). Research on Evaluation Index System of Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Aba Prefecture. In 1st International Symposium on Economic Development and Management Innovation (EDMI 2019) (pp. 604-609). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/edmi-19.2019.103.
Zadtootaghaj, P., Mohammadian, A., Mahbanooei, B., & Ghasemi, R. (2019). Internet of Things: A Survey for the Individuals' E-Health Applications. Journal of Information Technology Management, 11(1), 102-129.
Zarei, M., Jamalian, A., & Ghasemi, R. (2017). Industrial guidelines for stimulating entrepreneurship with the internet of things. In The Internet of Things in the Modern Business Environment (pp. 147-166). IGI Global.