An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Support Site Selection for Renewable Power Plants in Kerman Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate, College of Kish, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Prof., Faculty of Industrial Management & Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Industrial Management & Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/imj.2025.394376.1008243

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to support Iran’s transition to renewable energy by identifying optimal sites for renewable power plant deployment in Kerman province. The aim is to design a decision-support framework incorporating stakeholder values and dynamic system behaviors to guide policy and investment under multiple scenarios.
Methods: An integrated Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) framework was developed. Phase 1 involved interviews with 15 experts (engineering, economics, and environmental science) to derive stakeholder values, translated into criteria like solar radiation, ecological sensitivity, cost, social acceptance, and grid resilience. Legal/environmental filters narrowed 39 locations to six feasible sites. Phase 2 employed ABM to simulate interactions among suppliers, government, and consumers under three policy scenarios: (1) limited local sales, (2) guaranteed government purchases, and (3) competitive energy market sales.
Results: The simulations demonstrated that Scenario 3 (energy market sales) resulted in the highest levels of energy output and job creation, particularly at high-potential locations E and F. The model also highlighted how adaptive financial mechanisms, such as targeted subsidies and tax incentives, can shape investor and supplier behavior in favor of sustainable deployment.
Conclusion: The proposed VFT-ABM framework offers a flexible and context-sensitive tool for renewable energy planning in decentralized systems. It effectively balances economic, social, and environmental goals and can be replicated in other regions facing similar energy transition challenges. Strategic policy design, especially market-driven approaches coupled with incentive structures, is critical for mobilizing private sector participation.

Keywords

References

Abbasi, K. R., Adedoyin, F. F., Abbas, J., & Hussain, K. (2021). The impact of energy depletion and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Thailand: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation. Renewable Energy, 180, 1439-1450 https://doi.org/1410.1016/j.renene.2021.1408.1078.
Abdolahinia, H., Heidarizadeh, M., & Rahmati, I. (2024). Assessing Iran and its neighbors for prospects and challenges: The case of the electrical sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 193, 114190 https://doi.org/114110.112139/ssrn.4480019.
Agbo, E., Ettah, E., Edet, C., & Ndoma, E. (2023). Characteristics of various radiative fluxes: global, tilted, direct, and diffused radiation—a case study of Nigeria. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 135(2), 14 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-00023-00951-00708.
Alola, A. A., Özkan, O., & Usman, O. (2023). Role of non-renewable energy efficiency and renewable energy in driving environmental sustainability in India: evidence from the load capacity factor hypothesis. Energies, 16(6), 2847 https://doi.org/2810.3390/en16062847.
Asadi, M., Larki, I., Forootan, M. M., Ahmadi, R., & Farajollahi, M. (2023). Long-term scenario analysis of electricity supply and demand in Iran: Time series analysis, renewable electricity development, energy efficiency, and conservation. Sustainability, 15(5), 4618 https://doi.org/4610.3390/su15054618.
Baldauf, T., & Jochem, P. (2024). Project finance or corporate finance for renewable energy? an agent-based insight. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 19(4), 759-805 https://doi.org/710.1007/s11403-11024-00425-z.
Chen, Q., Kuang, Z., Liu, X., & Zhang, T. (2022). Transforming a solar-rich county to an electricity producer: Solutions to the mismatch between demand and generation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 336, 130418 https://doi.org/130410.131016/j.jclepro.132022.130418.
Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Martínez, L. (2022). Collaboration enhanced hybrid fuzzy decision-making approach to analyze the renewable energy investment projects. Energy Reports, 8, 377-389 https://doi.org/310.1016/j.egyr.2021.1012.1006.
Draycott, S., Sellar, B., Davey, T., Noble, D., Venugopal, V., & Ingram, D. (2019). Capture and simulation of the ocean environment for offshore renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 15-29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.1001.1011.
Eghlimi, M., Niknam, T., & Aghaei, J. (2022). Decision model for cross-border electricity trade considering renewable energy sources. Energy Reports, 8, 11715-11728 https://doi.org/11710.11016/j.egyr.12022.11708.11220.
Foukolaei, P. Z., Asari, F. A., Khazaei, M., Gholian-Jouybari, F., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2024). From responsible sourcing of wastes to sustainable energy consumption in the blue hydrogen supply chain: Case of nearshoring in Nuevo Leon. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 77, 1387-1400 https://doi.org/1310.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.1306.1079.
Firozabadi, SA ., Hosseini, S. R., Ghasemi, R. (2010). The Provinces Social Development and Its Relation to Social Capital, Social welfare Quarterly, 10(37), 57-93. (In Persian), Retrieved from: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.html
Garrido-Merchán, E. C., Piris, G. G., & Vaca, M. C. (2023). Bayesian optimization of ESG (Environmental Social Governance) financial investments. Environmental Research Communications, 5(5), 055003 https://doi.org/055010.051088/052515-057620/acd055000f055008.
Ghasemi, R., Mohaghar, A., Safari, H., & Akbari Jokar, M. R. (2016). Prioritizing the applications of internet of things technology in the healthcare sector in Iran: A driver for sustainable development. Journal of Information Technology Management, 8(1), 155–176. Doi: 10.22059/ jitm.2016.55760
Ghasemi, R., Mahbanooei, B., & Beigi, R. G. (2018). The Relationship between Labor Market Efficiency and Innovation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering & Management (ISIEM), (Nov. 27-29, 2018, Makassar, Indonesia) (pp. 142–149). Doi: 2019/08/ 11ISIEM2018.126
Ghasemi, R., Mohammadian, A., Mahbanooei, B., Soleimani pour, A. (2025). Governance of the Internet of Things in Countries: A Driver for Sustainable Development, International Conference on Business Ethics and Sustainability (ICBES - 2025), Muscat, Oman, Mar.02.2025 (PP. 725–734). Retrieved from: https://conferenceresearchnetwork.com/Conference/1471/ICBES/  (accessed at: August, 10, 2025)
Ghasemi, R., Mohaghar, A., & Dehghanian, M. M. (2025). Advancing Intelligent Supply Chain Management in the Industry 4.0 Era: A Meta-Synthesis Analysis.  Industrial Management Journal, 17(2), 147–117.‎ https://doi.org/10.22059/imj.2024.381349.1008176
Gholian-Jouybari, F., Khazaei, M., Saen, R. F., Kia, R., Bonakdari, H., Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M., & Ramezani, M. (2024). Developing environmental, social and governance (ESG) strategies on evaluation of municipal waste disposal centers: A case of Mexico. Chemosphere, 364, 142961 https://doi.org/142910.141016/j.chemosphere.142024.142961.
Haghighi, S. M., Torabi, S. A., & Ghasemi, R. (2016). An integrated approach for performance evaluation in sustainable supply chain networks (with a case study). Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 579–597. Doi: pii/S0959652616310150
Harta Nugraha Nur Rahayu, G., Suryadi, K., Yudhistira, T., Eva Zulvia, F., Ghasemi, R., Rachman, I., Matsumoto, T. (2025). Time-Series Clustering of Global SDG Index Using DTW for Policy Insights Toward 2030 Agenda, 3rd International Conference of SDGs and Bibliometric Studies (ICoSBi), State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, 149-157. Retrieved from: https://icosbi.unesa.ac.id/
Hoorshad, A., Safari, H., & Ghasemi, R. (2023). Developing Smart Supply Chain Management Model in Fast-moving Consumer Goods Industry (FMCG). Journal of Industrial Management Perspective, 13(4), 108–148. Doi: 10.48308/jimp.13.4.108
Hosseini, K., & Javid, Y. (2024). Risk Management in Sustainable Construction Projects: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Industrial Management Journal, 16(2), 303-333 https://doi.org/310.22059/imj.22024.373035.1008128.
Ibekwe, K. I., Etukudoh, E. A., Nwokediegwu, Z. Q. S., Umoh, A. A., Adefemi, A., & Ilojianya, V. I. (2024). Energy security in the global context: A comprehensive review of geopolitical dynamics and policies. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 5(1), 152-168 https://doi.org/110.51594/estj.v51595i51591.51741.
Jamalian, A., Ghadikolaei, A. S., Zarei, M., & Ghasemi, R. (2018). Sustainable supplier selection by way of managing knowledge: a case of the automotive industry. International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise, 5(1-2), 125–140. Doi: abs/10.1504/IJIE.2018.091186
Jafarnejad, A., Rahayu, G. H. N. N., Ghasemi, R., & Bahrami, F. (2014). Relationship between knowledge management process capabilities and supply chain relations quality. In 6th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, 1072–1085. Doi: publication/315551645_ 
Jafarnejad, A., Ghasemi, R., Abdollahi, B., & Esmailzadeh, A. (2013). Relationship between macroeconomic environment and technological readiness: A secondary analysis of countries' global competitiveness. International Journal of Management Perspective. 1(2), 1–13. Doi: publication/ 315573973 
Karimi, T., Azar, A., Mohebban, B., & Ghasemi, R. (2022). Developing an Internet of Things-based intelligent transportation technology roadmap in the food cold supply chain. Industrial Management Journal, 14(2), 195–219. (In Persian). Doi: 10.22059/imj.2021.319427.1007825
Keenan, J. M., Trump, B. D., Hynes, W., & Linkov, I. (2021). Exploring the convergence of resilience processes and sustainable outcomes in post-covid, post-Glasgow economies. Sustainability, 13(23), 13415 https://doi.org/13410.21079/11681/49591.
Khazaei, M., Gholian-Jouybari, F., Dolatabadi, M. D., Alamdari, A. P., Eskandari, H., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2025). Renewable energy portfolio in Mexico for Industry 5.0 and SDGs: Hydrogen, wind, or solar? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 213, 115420 https://doi.org/115410.111016/j.rser.112025.115420.
Khazaei, M., Gholian-Jouybari, F., Ramezani, M., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2025). Environmental, social, and governance enablers of the hydrogen supply chain: Application of community operational research using STRIDES framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 389, 126092 https://doi.org/126010.121007/s111356-126024-135669-126096.
Khazaei, M., Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M., Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A., Ramezani, M., Fooladvand, A., & Azar, A. (2023). A multi-criteria supplier evaluation and selection model without reducing the level of optimality. Soft Computing, 27(22), 17175-17188 https://doi.org/17110.11007/s00500-17023-08954-17178.
Kong, Y., Liu, J., & Chen, J. (2023). Exploring the carbon abatement measures in maritime supply chain: a scenario-based system dynamics approach. International Journal of Production Research, 61(18), 6131-6152 https://doi.org/6110.1080/00207543.00202022.02088427.
Koppelaar, R., Marvuglia, A., Havinga, L., Brajković, J., & Rugani, B. (2021). Is agent-based simulation a valid tool for studying the impact of nature-based solutions on local economy? A case study of four european cities. Sustainability, 13(13), 7466 https://doi.org/7410.3390/su13137466.
Lin, L., Jiang, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2024). Asymmetric spillover and network connectedness of policy uncertainty, fossil fuel energy, and global ESG investment. Applied energy, 368, 123432 https://doi.org/123410.121016/j.apenergy.122024.123432.
Maleki, A., & Nilforoushan, H. (2024). The Innovation Intermediaries Role in the Adoption of Emerging Technologies in Iran's Automotive Industry. Industrial Management Journal, 16(1), 1-36 https://doi.org/10.22059/imj.22024.366468.1008098.
Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., Zavadskas, E. K., Cavallaro, F., & Khalifah, Z. (2015). Sustainable and renewable energy: An overview of the application of multiple criteria decision making techniques and approaches. Sustainability, 7(10), 13947-13984 https://doi.org/13910.13390/su71013947.
Mahbanooei, B. & Ghasemi, R. (2024). Identifying the Behavioral Competencies of Street-level Bureaucrats: A Quranic Perspective, Public Administration Perspective, 15(3), 130–154. https://jpap.sbu.ac.ir/article_104762_f571b70065cebd0fd8baac41c00345d9.pdf
Mahbanooei, B. & Pourezzat, A. A. (2023). Education Policy Guide for Human Capital: An Importance-Performance Analysis in Iran. Journal of Educational Planning Studies, 11(22), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2023.23983.2135
Mahbanooei, B., Poorezzat, A. A., Zarei Matin, H. & Yazdani, H. R. (2019). E-Health Cods of Medical Ethics based on Virtue Approach in Hospitals. The Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 14(3), 29–36. Retrieved from: http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-1529-fa.html
Mehregan, M. R., Ghasemi, R., Amirnequiee, S., & Zarei, M. (2016, December). Developing DEMATEL-CCA Hybrid Algorithm Approach to Analyze the Causal Relations on Global Competitiveness Pillars. In the 4th International Conference on Strategic Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/se/539e20160405.pdf
Mohaghar, A., Ghasemi, R., & Askarian, A. (2024a). An Agent Based Simulation in Semi-Prepared Food Supply Chain for Export during Coronavirus Pandemic (A Case study in Amadeh-Laziz Company). Journal of Industrial Management Perspective, 14(4), 9–36. https://doi.org/10.48308/jimp.14.4.9
Mohaghar, A., Safari, H., Ghasemi, R., Zarei, A. (2024b). Model of Financial Supply Chain Flexibility for automotive Leasing Industry in Iran, Industrial Management Journal, 16(3), 398–425. Doi: 10.22059/imj.2024.373340.1008130
Mohaghar, A., Ghasemi, R., Abdullahi, B., Esfandi, N., & Jamalian, A. (2011). Canonical correlation analysis between supply chain relationship quality and cooperative strategy: a case study in the Iranian automotive industry. European Journal of Social Sciences, 26(1), 132–145. Retrieved from: http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.logistics.20160501.02.html
Mohaghar, A., Ghasemi, R., & Shirazi, S. (2025). IoT Based Smart Maintenance in LARG Context: a Metasynthesis in the Aviation Industry, Journal of Industrial Management Perspective, In press. Retrieved from: Doi: 10.48308/jimp.2025.237525.1596
Mohaghar, A., Heydarzadeh Moghaddam, H., & Ghasemi, R. (2023). Developing a Model to Optimize Maximum Coverage of Roadside Units Placement in Vehicular Ad–hoc Network for Intelligent Transportation System. Journal of Industrial Management Perspective, 13(2), 211–240. Doi: 10.48308/jimp.13.2.211
Mukherjee, U. K., Bose, S., Ivanov, A., Souyris, S., Seshadri, S., Sridhar, P., Watkins, R., & Xu, Y. (2021). Evaluation of reopening strategies for educational institutions during COVID-19 through agent based simulation. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6264 https://doi.org/6210.1038/s41598-41021-84192-y.
Mushi, R. M. (2020). Assessment of the needs of ICT Skills on Employability in SMEs: A VFT approach. Journal of International Technology and Information Management, 29(1), 84-97 https://doi.org/10.58729/51941-56679.51348.
Nasrollahi, M., Ghadikolaei, A. S., Ghasemi, R., Sheykhizadeh, M., & Abdi, M. (2022). Identification and prioritization of connected vehicle technologies for sustainable development in Iran. Technology in Society, 68, 101829. Doi: abs/pii/S0160791X21003043
Niknami, O., & Akhondzadeh Noughabi, E. (2024). Dynamic Pricing of Customer Classes in Rail Transportation Systems Using Deep Q Network Algorithm. Industrial Management Journal, 16(4), 597-630 https://doi.org/510.22059/imj.22024.377050.1008164.
Ölmez, M. E., Ari, I., & Tuzkaya, G. (2025). A Simulation-based Analysis of Energy Storage's Impact on Power Markets for Renewable Energy Integration. Energy, 136202 https://doi.org/136210.131016/j.energy.132025.136202.
Pourezzat, A. A., Mahbanooei, B., Ghasemi, R., Rafiei, R. (2022). Governance Performance Evaluation System, University of Tehran Press, Tehran: Iran. Doi: publication/361391504_ 
Pourezzat, A.A., Zareimatin, H., Yazdani, H.R., Mahbanooei, B. (2019). Designing Virtue-Based Organizational Ethics model for Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals. Journal of Medical Ethics,13, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v13i44.21321
Ramezani, M., Khazaei, M., Gholian-Jouybari, F., Sandoval-Correa, A., Bonakdari, H., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2024). Turquoise hydrogen and waste optimization: A Bi-objective closed-loop and sustainable supply chain model for a case in Mexico. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 195, 114329 https://doi.org/114310.111016/j.rser.112024.114329.
Razavi, S. M., Abdi, M., Amirnequiee, S., & Ghasemi, R. (2016). The impact of supply chain relationship quality and cooperative strategy on strategic purchasing. Journal of Logistics Management, 5(1), 6-15. Doi: 10.5923.j.logistics.20160501.02.html
Razavi, S. M., Ghasemi, R., & Mahbanooei, B. (2015). Prioritizing the middle east countries based on goods market efficiency’indicators. In International Research Conference on Business, Economics and Social Sciences, IRC-2015, Istanbul, Turkey. Retrieved from: publication/315551178
Richards, D., Yabar, H., Mizunoya, T., Koon Koon, R., Tran, G. H., & Esopere, Y. (2025). Sustainable solar energy deployment: a multi-criteria decision-making approach for site suitability and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(4), 2007-2035 https://doi.org/2010.1007/s11356-11024-35669-11356.
Sadeghi Moghadam, M. R., Norouzian Reykandeh, J., & Ghasemi, R. (2017). Explanation of the importance-performance dimensions and components of humanitarian supply chain in post-disaster. Organizational resources management research, 7(3), 157–176. Doi:  20.1001.1.22286977.1396.7.3.8.7  
Selart, M., & Johansen, S. T. (2011). Understanding the role of value‐focused thinking in idea management. Creativity and Innovation Management, 20(3), 196-206 https://doi.org/110.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00602.x.
Shojaei, A. A., Mahbanooei, B., Farahani, A. & Pourezzat, A. A. (2023). Organizational Ethics Indicators in Iranian Hospital: An Importance-Performance Analysis. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 28(5), 593–603. https://DOI:org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_468_21
Shikh Mohammadi, A., & Hashemi, S. (2024). Navigating Sociopolitical Intricacies: Iran's Energy Transition Pathways amidst Global Transformations. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 8(2), 297-334 https://doi.org/210.22059/wsps.22024.367504.361388.
Solangi, Y. A., & Magazzino, C. (2025). Evaluating financial implications of renewable energy for climate action and sustainable development goals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 212, 115390 https://doi.org/115310.111016/j.rser.112025.115390.
Solaymani, S. (2021). A review on energy and renewable energy policies in Iran. Sustainability, 13(13), 7328 https://doi.org/7310.3390/su13137328.
Taghipour, A., Foukolaei, P. Z., Ghaedi, M., & Khazaei, M. (2023). Sustainable multi-objective models for waste-to-energy and waste separation site selection. Sustainability, 15(22), 15764 https://doi.org/15710.13390/su152215764.
Taghipour, A., Padash, A., Etemadi, V., Khazaei, M., & Ebrahimi, S. (2024). Sustainable and Circular Hotels and the Water–Food–Energy Nexus: Integration of Agrivoltaics, Hydropower, Solar Cells, Water Reservoirs, and Green Roofs. Sustainability, 16(5), 1985 https://doi.org/1910.3390/su16051985.
Tavakkoli, A. & Mahbanooei, B. (2014). Studying the ranking of regional countries competitiveness based on public and private institutions’indicators and providing some strategies for enhancing the position of Islamic republic of Iran. Journal of Iran's Economic Essays, 10(20), 135-162. Retrieved from: https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_515.html?lang=en
Tahari-Mehrjardi, M. H., Kazemi, A., & Shakouri Ganjavi, H. (2024). Presenting a Multi-objective Mathematical Model for Smart Grids Considering Load Response Programs. Industrial Management Journal, 16(2), 215-249 https://doi.org/210.22059/imj.22024.365124.1008082.
Tahir, K. A. (2025). A Systematic Review and Evolutionary Analysis of the Optimization Techniques and Software Tools in Hybrid Microgrid Systems. Energies, 18(7), 1770 https://doi.org/1710.20944/preprints202502.201439.v202501.
Venizelou, V., & Poullikkas, A. (2024). Trend Analysis of Cross-Border Electricity Trading in Pan-European Network. Energies, 17(21), 5318 https://doi.org/5310.3390/en17215318.
Wei, R., Ma, Y., Bi, H., & Dong, Q. (2024). ESG-driven investment decisions in photovoltaic projects. Energies, 17(16), 4117 https://doi.org/4110.3390/en17164117.
Więckowski, J., Kizielewicz, B., & Sałabun, W. (2024). A multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis approach for evaluating the robustness of renewable energy sources in European countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 469, 143225 https://doi.org/143210.141016/j.jclepro.142024.143225.
Williams, B., Bishop, D., Gallardo, P., & Chase, J. G. (2023). Demand side management in industrial, commercial, and residential sectors: a review of constraints and considerations. Energies, 16(13), 5155 https://doi.org/5110.3390/en16135155.
Wu, B., Gu, Q., Liu, Z., & Liu, J. (2023). Clustered institutional investors, shared ESG preferences and low-carbon innovation in family firm. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122676 https://doi.org/122610.121016/j.techfore.122023.122676.
Xia, T., Wang, Y., Lv, L., Shen, L., & Cheng, T. (2023). Financing decisions of low-carbon supply chain under chain-to-chain competition. International Journal of Production Research, 61(18), 6153-6176 https://doi.org/6110.1080/00207543.00202021.02023833.
Yousefi, D., Yousefi, J., & Ghasemi, R. (2024). Key Success Factors to Implement IoT in the Food Supply Chain. Journal of Information Technology Management. 16(3), 61–91. Doi: 10.22059/jitm.2024.372404.3618
Zaheb, H., Ahmadi, M., Rahmany, N. A., Danish, M. S. S., Fedayi, H., & Yona, A. (2023). Optimal Grid Flexibility Assessment for Integration of Variable Renewable-Based Electricity Generation. Sustainability, 15(20), 15032 https://doi.org/15010.13390/su152015032.
Zhang, H. L., Baeyens, J., Degrève, J., & Cáceres, G. (2013). Concentrated solar power plants: Review and design methodology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 466-481 https://doi.org/410.1016/j.rser.2013.1001.1032.
Zhang, M., Wang, Q., Zhou, D., & Ding, H. (2019). Evaluating uncertain investment decisions in low-carbon transition toward renewable energy. Applied energy, 240, 1049-1060 https://doi.org/1010.1016/j.apenergy.2019.1001.1205.
Zhu, T., Guan, X., Chen, C., Cao, X., Wang, C., & Liao, J. (2024). Application of artificial intelligence based on state grid ESG platform in clean energy scheduling optimization. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 31304 https://doi.org/31310.31038/s41598-31024-82798-31306.
Industrial Management Journal
Volume 17, Issue 3
2025
Pages 90-116

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics